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Guleria, J. S.
- Adhatoda vasica Nees as an Epiphyte on Xylosma longifolium Clos - a New Record
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Indian Forester, Vol 126, No 2 (2000), Pagination: 311-312Abstract
No abstract- Two Fossil Woods from the Siwalik Subgroup of Northwestern Himalaya
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Affiliations
1 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53 University Road, Lucknow - 226 007, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33, General Mahadeo Singh Road, Dehra Dun - 248 001, IN
1 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53 University Road, Lucknow - 226 007, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33, General Mahadeo Singh Road, Dehra Dun - 248 001, IN
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Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 66, No 5 (2005), Pagination: 609-616Abstract
The paper reports the occurrence of a fossil wood of Terminalia for the first time from the Lower Siwalik Subgroup of Panchkula, Haryana along with a fossil Dipterocarpus wood from further east in the Middle Siwalik Subgroup, exposed south of Dehra Dun, Uttaranchal. These woods indicate the prevalence of moist conditions and existence of tropical lowland vegetation in the western part of Himalayan Foot-Hills till the Middle Siwalik.Keywords
Fossil Woods, Xylotomy, Lower Siwalik (Middl Meiocene), Middle Siwalik, (Upper Miocene), Palaeoclimate, Phytogeography, Haryana, Uttaranchal.- Economic Viability, Technological Gap and Problems of Mushroom Cultivation in Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh
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1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension Education & Rural Sociology CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension Education & Rural Sociology CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
Source
Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 42, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 47-54Abstract
Increases income, reduces risk and promotes sustainability. Mushroom is one of the supplementary enterprises which fits well in diversification. A study was carried out in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh. Out of 60 mushroom growers, 80 per cent raised only one crop of button mushroom in a year and most of the growers placed spawned compost bags in the month of October. The fixed cost of production / 100 bags of button mushroom varied from 44.47 per cent on small farms to 22.42 per cent on large farms. The variable cost varied from 55.53 per cent on small farms to 77.58 per cent on large farms implying the economical use of fixed and variable resources by large growers. The gross returns per 100 bags basis ranged between Rs. 37,200 and Rs. 40,200 on small and large farms for button mushroom. The overall benefitcost ratio was 1.87:1. Break-even output varied from 279 kg to 147 kg for small and large growers and break-even point was at 93 and 42 compost bags for small and large growers respectively. Technological gap included the important parameters like temperature, relative humidity, CO concentration, surface cleaning by formalin , storage temperature etc. The mushrooms growers faced production, marketing, 2 financial and institutional problems. However, the intensity of the production problems was much higher than others.Keywords
Benefit-Cost Ratio, Break-Even Output, Technological Gap.References
- Chauhan SK and Sood RP. 1992. Economics of production and marketing of mushroom in Kangra district, H.P. Indian Journal of Agricultural Marketing 6: 44-49.
- Kangotra Arti and Chauhan SK. 2013. Economic viability of button mushroom cultivation in Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 48: 134-139.
- Pattnaik T and Mishra S. 2008. Constraints in adoption of mushroom cultivation technology. Asian Journal of Home Science 3: 86-89.
- Thakur MP. 2014. Present status and future prospects of tropical mushroom cultivation in India-A Review. Indian Phytopathology 67: 113-125.